Ezweni lomhlaba wonke lokukhiqiza elinokuncintisana okunamandla namuhla, izinkampani zihlale zifuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa imigqa yokukhiqiza, ukwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza, nokuletha imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu kumakhasimende azo. Imishini etholakala kalula, yize itholakala kalula, ivame ukwehluleka lapho kudingeka ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile zomkhiqizo, izidingo ezithile zokubekezelelana kobukhulu, noma izidingo ezikhethekile zokuphatha izinto. Kulapho-ke imishini yezimboni eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ingena khona njengesixazululo esishintsha imidlalo kubakhiqizi abacabanga phambili. Ngokungafani nemishini ejwayelekile, imishini eyakhiwe ngokwezifiso yakhelwe futhi yenzelwe kusukela ekuqaleni ukuxazulula inkinga ethile, ihlanganise kahle nemisebenzi ekhona, futhi ikhule ngokukhula kwebhizinisi. Noma ngabe ufuna ukwenza umsebenzi ophindaphindayo uzenzele ngokwakho noma wakhe umugqa wokukhiqiza omusha sha, ukutshala imali emishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kunikeza inzuzo yamasu okuthi izindlela ezitholakala kalula azikwazi ukufanisa. Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele baphendukela kubachwepheshe abanolwaziInkonzo Eyenziwe Ngokwezifisoabanikezeli ukuxhuma izikhala ezibalulekile emisebenzini yabo yokukhiqiza.

Imishini yezimboni eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ibhekisa ezisetshenziswa ezikhethekile eziklanywa, ezakhiwa, futhi ezakhiwa ukuze zihlangane nezimiso eziqondile zenqubo ethile yokukhiqiza noma umugqa womkhiqizo. Ngokungafani nemishini ejwayelekile ekhiqizwa ngobuningi futhi ithengiswa kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene ngokuncane kokuhluka, imishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso yakhelwe ukuphatha ubukhulu obuhlukile, izinto, isivinini, izimo zemvelo, namazinga ekhwalithi athi indawo ethile idinga. Inqubo yokuklama ngokuvamile iqala ngokuhlola okunzulu komsebenzi wamanje weklayenti, izinkinga, kanye nemigomo yokuphuma, ilandelwe yizikhathi zobunjiniyela ezibambisanayo phakathi kwethimba leklayenti nomakhi wemishini. Le mishini ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izingxenye eziyimfihlo, izinhlelo zokulawula ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, namathuluzi akhethekile angatholakali kunoma iyiphi ikhathalogi. Izinkampani ezikhethekile kule ndawo, njengeUhlobo abaholi njengoJinan Yuande Machinery Co., Ltd., bakhe idumela labo ngokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo eziqondiswe kahle ezikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe ezinganikezwa ngabantu abavamile abadayisi bezinto ezisebenza ngomshini. Kusukela ezinhlelweni ze-hydraulic kuya eziteshini zokuhlanganisa ezizenzakalelayo, ububanzi bemishini yezimboni eyenziwe ngokwezifiso bukhulu futhi buyaqhubeka nokwanda njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buvuseleleka.

Isinqumo sokutshala imali ezintweni ezakhiwe ngokwezifiso azivamisile ukuthathwa kalula, kodwa inzuzo yokutshala imali ivame ukuzikhulumela ngokwayo ngokuthuthuka okubonakalayo okusebenzayo. Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukwanda okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza, njengoba umshini owenzelwe indlela yakho yokusebenza ezokwenza ukuthi kususwe izinyathelo ezingadingekile, kuncishiswe izikhathi zokujikeleza, futhi kwandiswe umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi. Ukunemba kungenye inzuzo ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezidinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile kakhulu, njengokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zezindiza noma ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yezokwelapha, lapho ngisho ingxenye encane ye-millimeter ingaba umehluko phakathi kwengxenye esebenzayo nenye eyenqatshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso inciphisa kakhulu ukuchithwa kwezinto ngokwenza kahle izindlela zokusika, ukunciphisa ukuchitha, nokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto okunembayo, okufaka isandla ngqo ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza eziphansi kanye nomthelela omncane emvelweni. Amandla okuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa ngesandla kuprosesi eyodwa ezenzakalelayo nawo anciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi futhi anciphise ubungozi bamaphutha omuntu, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okuzinzile kuwo wonke ama-shift. Lapho ubambisana nabo abanolwaziIkhayaabakhiqizi abaqonda umkhakha wakho, uthola imishini engagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanje kodwa futhi ingalungiswa izidingo zokukhiqiza zesikhathi esizayo ngokusebenzisa umklamo we-modular kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlelekayo.

Isidingo semishini yokuzenzela eyenziwe ngokwezifiso sihlanganisa izimboni ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, ngayinye inezinselelo nezidingo zayo ezihlukile ezingaxazululwa kahle imishini ejwayelekile. Embonini yezimoto, imishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni injini, ukuhlola izithuthuthu, iziteshi zokushisela ezisebenzisa amarobhothi, kanye nezinhlelo zokufafaza upende okumele zihambisane nezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto emgqeni wokukhiqiza ofanayo nekhono lokushintsha ngokushesha. Abakhiqizi bezindiza bathembele kakhulu emishini eyakhiwe ngokwezifiso ukuze kusetshenziswe izinto ezihlanganisiwe, ukubhola okunembayo kwezingxenye zezindiza, kanye neziteshi zokuhlola ezingonakalisi ezimele zihlangane namazinga aqinile abekwe yiziphathimandla zezindiza emhlabeni wonke. Imboni yokucubungula ukudla izuzisa imishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso eyakhelwe ngezinto zokwakha ezihlanzekile, amakhono akhethekile okudonsa amanzi, kanye nezinhlelo ezinembayo zokulawula ingxenye ezilondoloza ukungaguquguquki komkhiqizo ngenkathi zihambisana nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha kokudla. Izinkampani zokupakisha zivame ukuqasha imishini yokuzenzela eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze ziphathe izimo ezingajwayelekile zemikhiqizo, izinto ezibuthakathaka, noma izidingo zokupakisha ezisheshayo ezingaphathwa kahle imigqa yokupakisha esezingathengwa. Ezinye izimboni ezivame ukufunaImikhiqizoeyenzelwe ngqo imisebenzi yabo ihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwemithi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zikagesi, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zamandla avuselelekayo.

Ukuthuthukisa isixazululo esiphumelelayo semishini yezimboni ngokwezifiso kulandela inqubo ehlelekile, ehlanganyelwe evame ukuthatha izinyanga eziningana futhi ihilela izigaba eziningi zokuthuthukisa ngaphambi kokuba imishini ifike esitezi sasefektri. Uhambo luqala ngokuhlaziya okujulile kwezidingo, lapho onjiniyela bevakashela indawo yeklayenti ukubuka imisebenzi yamanje, ukukala imishini ekhona, ukuqonda izindlela zokuhamba kwezinto, nokubhalisa zonke izidingo zobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nemigomo yesivinini sokukhiqiza, izindinganiso zokuphepha, nemikhawulo yesikhala. Ngemuva kokuhlola, isigaba sokuklama sisebenzisa isoftware ethuthukisiwe ye-computer-aided design ukudala amamodeli anemininingwane ye-3D, ukulinganisa ukunyakaza komshini, nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokwakhiwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilindelekile, okuvumela zombili izinhlangothi ukuthi zibone umkhiqizo wokugcina ngaphambi kokuba kunqunywe noma yimaphi amatshe. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kulesi sigaba, njengoba izingxenye kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ethile, izinga lokushisa, nokuchayeka emvelweni, kusuka ensimbi engagqwalisiwe (stainless steel) ezicelo zokudla kuya ensimbi yamathuluzi eqinisiwe (hardened tool steel) yemisebenzi yokukhiqiza enokugqoka okuphezulu. Isakhiwo sohlelo lokulawula sithuthukiswa ngasikhathi sinye, sihlanganisa izilawuli ezingahlelwa (programmable logic controllers), izikhombimsebenzisi zomuntu nomshini (human-machine interfaces), futhi ngokwanda, izinzwa ezisebenzisa i-IoT ezivumela ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela nokuhlela ukulungiswa okubikezelayo. Uma umklamo usuqedile futhi izibonelo sezihlolwe, ukukhiqizwa kuyaqala endaweni yokusebenzela yomakhi, kulandele ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwasefektri ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yonke imisebenzi ihlangabezana nezimiso ezivumelwaneni. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo, imishini iyathunyelwa ngokucophelela, ifakwe endaweni, futhi ihlanganiswe nengqalasizinda ekhona yeklayenti, iphele ngesigaba sokugcina sokugunyazwa lapho abasebenzisi baqeqeshwa futhi ukukhiqiza kuyiqashwa kakhulu.

Ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yezimboni eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kubonisa ukuthi ubunjiniyela obuqondile bungaxazulula kanjani izinselele zokukhiqiza ezingabonakali zingenakwenzeka ezimbonini ezahlukene. Isibonelo esisodwa esibalulekile sifaka umphakeli wezingxenye zezimoto ophakathi nendawo owayelwa nenqubo yokuhlanganisa ngesandla yezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zesistimu yamabhuleki, okwaholela ekusebenziseni i-torque engaguquki kanye nezinga lokukhubazeka elidlula amaphesenti angu-8. Ngokubambisana nomakhi wezishini ezikhethekile, inkampani yaqasha isiteshi sokuhlanganisa esenziwe ngokwengxenye esihlome ngezinduku ze-pneumatic eziqondene nazo, izinhlelo zokuqapha i-torque okunembayo, namakhamera okuhlanganisa aqondiswa ngombono, okwehlise izinga lokukhubazeka lafika ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-0.5 futhi kwaphinda kathathu umkhiqizo wansuku zonke phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokusebenza. Esimeni esinye, isitshalo sokucubungula ukudla sabhekana nokuchitha imikhiqizo okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa izinto zokubhaka ezingajwayelekile, silahlekelwa cishe amaphesenti angu-15 weqoqo ngalinye ngokunquma nokukhiqiza okungahambisani namazinga. Onjiniyela baklama uhlelo lwe-conveyor olwenziwe ngokwezifiso olunezobuchwepheshe bokuskena nge-laser kanye namakhanda okusika aqhutshwa yi-servo ashintsha ngokwezifiso isimo somkhiqizo ngamunye ngesikhathi sangempela, kunciphisa ukuchitha kube ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-3 ngenkathi kwandisa isivinini somugqa ngamaphesenti angu-40. Amabhizinisi amaningi afunaIkhasi Elisha1 ulwazi noma Izindaba mayelana nezixazululo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukile bathola ukuthi izindlela ezenziwe ngendlela eyenziwe ngokwezifiso zihlale zidlula izindlela ezijwayelekile lapho izidingo zokukhiqiza zingaphansi kwamapharamitha avamile.

Ukukhetha inkampani efanele ukuklama nokwakha imishini yakho yezimboni ngokwezifiso cishe kuyisinqumo esibaluleke kakhulu ozosenza kuyo yonke inqubo, njengoba ikhwalithi nokwethembeka kwemishini yokugcina kuncike kakhulu ebuchwephesheni bomakhi nokuzibophezela ekwenzeni kahle. Isici sokuqala okufanele usihlole ubuchwepheshe bomakhi embonini, ikakhulukazi ukuthi ngabe baye baqedela ngempumelelo amaphrojekthi afana nowakho ngokwezinga lobunzima, ubukhulu, nezidingo zomthetho, njengoba lokhu kuhambisana ngqo nekhono labo lokulindela nokugwema izinkinga ezijwayelekile. Kufanele futhi uhlole amakhono abo obunjiniyela, okubandakanya iziqu zeqembu labo lokuklama, amathuluzi esofthiwe abawasebenzisayo ekulingiseni nasekuqiniseni, nomlando wabo wokuqamba izinto ezintsha ezindaweni ezifana nemishini yokuzenzakalela ngokwezifiso yezicelo ezikhethekile. Izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi zibaluleke ngokufanayo, ngakho-ke buza ngama-protocol abo okuhlola, izitifiketi zekhwalithi, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo abazithathayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi umshini ngamunye uhlangabezana nezinhloso zawo zokusebenza ngaphambi kokulethwa. Ukusekelwa ngemuva kokuthengisa kungenza noma kucekela phansi umuzwa wakho ngemishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ngakho-ke qinisekisa ukuthi uzakwethu omkhethile unikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziphelele, izingxenye ezisele ezitholakala kalula, ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okusheshayo, kanye nezinsizakalo zokugcinwa njalo. Abakhiqizi besifunda bangaba namandla ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi afunaIkhasi Elisha2 izinketho noma Ukusekelwa eduze, njengoba ubudlelwano bendawo buvame ukwenza lula izikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo nokuvakashelwa njalo lapho kusetshenziswa. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Jinan Yuande Machinery Co., Ltd. zibonisa iphrofayela yomlingani efanelekile, enikeza amashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlanganisiwe ekukhiqizeni ngokwezifiso okunembayo kuhlanganiswe nenethiwekhi yezinsizakalo zomhlaba wonke eqinisekisa ukuthi amaklayenti athola ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe njalo ngisho nangemva kokuba imishini isiqalisiwe.

Indawo yemishini yezimboni eyenziwe ngendlela efanele iyashintsha ngokushesha, iqhutshwa yizinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe eziguqula lokho okwenzeka ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni izinto ezenziwe ngendlela efanele. Ukuzenzakalela kuyaqhubeka nokuba yinto ehamba phambili, nemishini yesimanje eyenziwe ngendlela efanele ifaka njalo amarobhothi abambisana nabantu asebenza nabantu, izibambo eziguquguqukayo ezingabamba izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezimo zezingxenye, kanye ne-algorithms yokulawula evumelanayo elungisa ukusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yenzwa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Internet of Things emishini eyenziwe ngendlela efanele kube yinto eshintsha umdlalo, okuvumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha okuqhubekayo, ukuxilongwa okukude, izexwayiso zokugcinwa okubikezelwe, kanye nokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokukhiqiza okusiza abakhiqizi ukuthi babone ukungasebenzi kahle futhi bavimbele ukuyeka ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Ukuqina nakho kuphuma njengesici esiyinhloko sokuklama, namakhasimende afuna izinhlelo zokushayela ezisebenza kahle, izingxenye zemishini ezisebenziseka kabusha, kanye nezinqubo ezinciphisa udoti nokukhishwa komoya kuyo yonke impilo yemishini. Ubuchwepheshe bedweba ledijithali buvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe izithombe ezibonakalayo zemishini eyenziwe ngendlela efanele, bavumelanise izimo eziningi zokusebenza ukuze balungise amapharamitha okusebenza ngaphambi kokuba ukwakhiwa komzimba kuqale, kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuthuthukisa nezindleko. Njengoba lezi zimo zihlangana, umngcele phakathi kwemishini yakudala nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezihlakaniphile uya ngokuya uba mncane, kudala amathuba angakaze abekho amabhizinisi atshala kuwo.Insizakalo Enziwe Ngokwezifisoizixazululo ezenziwe ngendlela efanele ngezidingo zabo ezithile.

Imishini yezimboni eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iyisikhuthazo samasu esinamandla kunoma iyiphi ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza elenqaba ukuyekethisa ngekhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, noma ukuma kokuncintisana. Ngokudlula emikhawulweni yezisetshenziswa ezijwayelekile nokwamukela izixazululo zobunjiniyela ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, izinkampani zingavula amazinga okukhiqiza nokunemba okungenzeka ukuthi angatholakali. Noma ngabe usebenza ezimotweni, ezindizeni, ukucubungula ukudla, noma kunoma iyiphi enye imboni enokukhiqiza okuningi, imishini efanele eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ingaguqula amandla akho okukhiqiza futhi ilethe inzuzo ebalulekayo iminyaka ezayo. Okhiye empumelelweni kukuqonda umlingani onolwazi, onokwethenjelwa oqonda izinselelo zakho eziyingqayizivele futhi onobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshe bokuguqula lezo zidingo zibe umshini oqinile, ovikelelekile esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-automation, ukuxhumana kwe-IoT, nemikhuba yokuklama eqhubekayo, manje yisikhathi esifanele sokuhlola ukuthi izisetshenziswa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingakhuphula kanjani umsebenzi wakho wokukhiqiza uye ezingeni elilandelayo lokusebenza nokwenza inzuzo.